History 1122
Essay Questions for the Third Exam
1. What was the "Second Europe" we have talked about this term? Describe it in some detail. (Worth 20 points.)
2. How are the following a rejection of the "Second Europe" or part of the "Revolt Against Europe?"
· 20th century Nationalism
· Existentialism
· 20th Century Mass Man and Mass Culture
(Worth 60 points)
3. Relate the following quotations and outlook or movement they represent to the theme "Revolt Against Europe":
· “Heaven is empty and we are left alone." Jean Paul Sartre
· “To the oldest of these mental provinces or agencies we give the name of id." Sigmund Freud
· “We are the hollow men/...stuffed with straw." T. S. Eliot
(Worth 60 points)
4. How is distrust of reason a common element among 20th century Nationalism, Freudian psychology, and Existentialism? Discuss this element as it appears in each of these three. (Worth 60 points.)
5. Did you agree with the argument of the lecture on 20th century theology that theologians represent an affirmative response to the basic ideas of the Second Europe? If so, how is this true of two of the theologians discussed in the lecture. If not, show how the lecture was wrong, again citing specific theologians. (Worth 60 points).
6. In an essay discuss how the 19th and 20th centuries produced reactions to the dreams and bright hopes of the Enlightenment. Cite specific movements and/or individuals as you develop your essay. (This should be a comprehensive examination of all the materials we have considered in this course. Worth 80 points).
Short answer. (A list of 6-8 items follows).